☂️ Teks The Great Wall Of China

Text reads The Mysteries of Life with Tim and Moby Tim is sitting on his living room couch reading a book when a crumpled paper ball hits him in the head. TIM What the? Tim tosses the paper ball back at Moby who is shielding himself with a pillow. The paper hits Moby's head. MOBY Beep. Tim reads from a typed letter. TIM Dear Tim and Moby, What was the purpose of the Great Wall of China? From, Oren. The Great Wall of China was built mainly to defend against invaders from the north. An image shows the Great Wall of China stretching into the distance. MOBY Beep? TIM Well sure, a person could climb the wall. But China was more worried about nomadic, or wandering, tribes who traveled on horseback. An animation shows a woman walking with two men on horseback. TIM Reaching up to nine meters high, it would be almost impossible to get a horse across the wall. An image shows a man trying to get a horse to climb a ladder propped up against a wall. MOBY Beep? TIM Well, the wall was built in sections during different periods in Chinese history, starting in the third century BCE. Sections would be built independently, connecting the rest of the wall system as it grew. The original wall was nowhere near as long, high, or well-built as what we see today. An animation shows sections of the wall joining together to create the Great Wall. TIM They just kept improving on it, and adding to it as the centuries went by. A map of China shows how the Great Wall spread from the middle of the country to the east. TIM With all of its branches, the Great Wall today extends over 6,400 kilometers through all kids of terrain, including mountains and deserts. It's one of the most amazing constructions in human history. An image shows the Great Wall spreading over a mountainous terrain. TIM Most of what we see today was built during the Ming dynasty, from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries. An image shows bricklayers constructing the Great Wall. TIM That was the fifth and last major period of construction. These are the most sophisticated sections of the Great Wall, made mainly of bricks, limestone, and granite. But builders had to use whatever materials were nearby, so some parts of it were just made of dirt and wood. Side by side images show dirt and wood. MOBY Beep? TIM Yeah, for a long time it worked as a national defense. Watchtowers are built at regular intervals into the wall. An image shows tall watchtowers evenly spaced out along the wall. TIM These allowed the armies manning the walls to spot invaders from a distance, and give them a place to retreat if they needed. An image shows a guard viewing invaders from a watchtower. TIM Large gates, or passes, are built into the wall at areas of strategic importance. An animation shows a gate opening in the wall. TIM And in the more sophisticated sections, the wall is wide enough for entire armies to walk along it. An animation shows an army walking along the wall. TIM Inside the wall, complicated systems of stairways would confuse anyone who wasn't familiar with them. MOBY Beep? TIM Well, in the seventeenth century, China was invaded and taken over by a nomadic group called the Manchus. Once they had control, the need for the wall didn't really exist anymore. An image shows Manchurian soldiers in front of the wall. The wall disappears behind them. TIM There was no one else to keep out. So the construction of the wall stopped. Moby carries a globe and places it on a pile of furniture and other household items to make a barricade in the living room. Tim knocks on the barricade. MOBY Beep. TIM Ah, hey. Hey, I need to get through. MOBY Beep? TIM I don't know the password. Come on, I have to go to the bathroom.

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The Great Wall of China is an ancient series of walls and fortifications, totaling more than 13,000 miles in length, located in northern China. Perhaps the most recognizable symbol of China and its long and vivid history, the Great Wall was originally conceived by Emperor Qin Shi Huang in the third century as a means of preventing incursions from barbarian nomads. The best-known and best-preserved section of the Great Wall was built in the 14th through 17th centuries during the Ming dynasty. Though the Great Wall never effectively prevented invaders from entering China, it came to function as a powerful symbol of Chinese civilization’s enduring Dynasty Construction Though the beginning of the Great Wall of China can be traced to the fifth century many of the fortifications included in the wall date from hundreds of years earlier, when China was divided into a number of individual kingdoms during the so-called Warring States Period. Around 220 Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a unified China under the Qin Dynasty, ordered that earlier fortifications between states be removed and a number of existing walls along the northern border be joined into a single system that would extend for more than 10,000 li a li is about one-third of a mile and protect China against attacks from the of the “Wan Li Chang Cheng,” or 10,000-Li-Long Wall, was one of the most ambitious building projects ever undertaken by any civilization. The famous Chinese general Meng Tian initially directed the project, and was said to have used a massive army of soldiers, convicts and commoners as workers. Made mostly of earth and stone, the wall stretched from the China Sea port of Shanhaiguan over 3,000 miles west into Gansu province. In some strategic areas, sections of the wall overlapped for maximum security including the Badaling stretch, north of Beijing, that was later restored during the Ming Dynasty. From a base of 15 to 50 feet, the Great Wall rose some 15-30 feet high and was topped by ramparts 12 feet or higher; guard towers were distributed at intervals along you know? When Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered construction of the Great Wall around 221 the labor force that built the wall was made up largely of soldiers and convicts. It is said that as many as 400,000 people died during the wall's construction; many of these workers were buried within the wall Wall of China Through the Centuries With the death of Qin Shi Huang and the fall of the Qin Dynasty, much of the Great Wall fell into disrepair. After the fall of the later Han Dynasty, a series of frontier tribes seized control in northern China. The most powerful of these was the Northern Wei Dynasty, which repaired and extended the existing wall to defend against attacks from other tribes. The Bei Qi kingdom 550–577 built or repaired more than 900 miles of wall, and the short-lived but effective Sui Dynasty 581–618 repaired and extended the Great Wall of China a number of the fall of the Sui and the rise of the Tang Dynasty, the Great Wall lost its importance as a fortification, as China had defeated the Tujue tribe to the north and expanded past the original frontier protected by the wall. During the Song Dynasty, the Chinese were forced to withdraw under threat from the Liao and Jin peoples to the north, who took over many areas on both sides of the Great Wall. The powerful Yuan Mongol Dynasty 1206-1368, established by Genghis Khan, eventually controlled all of China, parts of Asia and sections of Europe. Though the Great Wall held little importance for the Mongols as a military fortification, soldiers were assigned to man the wall in order to protect merchants and caravans traveling along the lucrative Silk Road trade routes established during this Building During the Ming Dynasty Despite its long history, the Great Wall of China as it is exists today was constructed mainly during the mighty Ming Dynasty 1368-1644. Like the Mongols, the early Ming rulers had little interest in building border fortifications, and wall building was limited before the late 15th century. In 1421, the Ming emperor Yongle proclaimed China’s new capital, Beijing, on the site of the former Mongol city of Dadu. Under the strong hand of the Ming rulers, Chinese culture flourished, and the period saw an immense amount of construction in addition to the Great Wall, including bridges, temples and pagodas. The construction of the Great Wall as it is known today began around 1474. After an initial phase of territorial expansion, Ming rulers took a largely defensive stance, and their reformation and extension of the Great Wall was key to this Ming wall extended from the Yalu River in Liaoning Province to the eastern bank of the Taolai River in Gansu Province, and winded its way from east to west through today’s Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia and west of Juyong Pass, the Great Wall was split into south and north lines, respectively named the Inner and Outer Walls. Strategic “passes” fortresses and gates were placed along the wall; the Juyong, Daoma and Zijing passes, closest to Beijing, were named the Three Inner Passes, while further west were Yanmen, Ningwu and Piantou, the Three Outer Passes. All six passes were heavily garrisoned during the Ming period and considered vital to the defense of the of the Great Wall of China In the mid-17th century, the Manchus from central and southern Manchuria broke through the Great Wall and encroached on Beijing, eventually forcing the fall of the Ming Dynasty and beginning of the Qing Dynasty. Between the 18th and 20th centuries, the Great Wall emerged as the most common emblem of China for the Western world, and a symbol both physical—as a manifestation of Chinese strength—and a psychological representation of the barrier maintained by the Chinese state to repel foreign influences and exert control over its the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in human history. In 1987, UNESCO designated the Great Wall a World Heritage site, and a popular claim emerged in the 20th century that it is the only manmade structure visible from space NASA has since refuted this claim. Over the years, roadways have been cut through the wall in various points, and many sections have deteriorated after centuries of neglect. The best-known section of the Great Wall of China—Badaling, located 43 miles 70 km northwest of Beijing—was rebuilt in the late 1950s, and attracts thousands of national and foreign tourists every day.

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teks the great wall of china